Non-alcoholic beverages and risk of bladder cancer in Uruguay.
'' Coffee consumption was directly associated with bladder cancer risk.
This applies to former and current drinkers of both pure coffee and coffee
with milk. Although drinking of coffee with milk was apparently associated
with a higher risk of bladder cancer than drinking of black coffee, the
difference was not statistically significant. ''
'' Also, tea drinking was directly associated with risk of bladder cancer.
The increase in risk was similar for amount of pure tea and for tea with
milk (OR, odds ratio 6.5, or increase risk of 6.5 times). ''
Tea consumption: fluid intake and bladder cancer risk in Southern Taiwan.
'' Tea consumption overall was associated with increased bladder cancer risk
(OR, or odds ratio 3.29, i.e. an increase in risk of 3.29 times). Compared with
non-tea drinkers, the odds ratios of bladder cancer for oolong tea drinkers
was 3.00 ; for non-oolong tea drinkers (black and/or other green tea), it was
14.86. The risk was greater among those who began to drink tea before age 40 (
OR 9.50) and those who had been drinking tea for more than 30 years (OR 17.75) ''
Dietary Soy and Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer :
The Singapore Chinese Health Study.
'' High intake of soyfood was statistically significantly related to an elevated risk
of bladder cancer. Relative to the lowest quartile of energy-adjusted total soy
intake (<36.9 g/1000 Kcal), the highest quartile of total soy intake (≥92.5 g/1000 Kcal)
was associated with a 2.3-fold increase in bladder cancer risk after adjustment for
cigarette smoking and level of education. Similar results were obtained for intakes
of soy protein and soy isoflavones. The soyfood-bladder cancer risk association
did not differ significantly between men and women and was not explained by
other dietary factors. The soy-cancer relationship became stronger when the
analysis was restricted to subjects with longer (≥3 years) duration of follow-up. ''
'' ..... two recent studies have raised concerns that soy intake may adversely impact
on risks of cognitive impairment and infant leukemia. ''
'' The risk of bladder cancer was positively associated with level of education. Compared
with subjects without any formal education, those with a primary school education had
a 30% increased risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.32), whereas those with a secondary
school or higher education had a 2-fold increased risk of bladder cancer (RR = 2.13). ''
'' ..... laboratory studies involving human bladder cancer cells and whole animals
have supported a role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in bladder carcinogenesis, and
a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feeding experiment observed
that men given soy protein supplements exhibited significant increase in serum
insulin-like growth factor-1 level. ''
Dietary soy and increased risk of bladder cancer:
a prospective cohort study of men in Shanghai, China
Compared to men consuming soy less than once a week, the RR (relative risk)
for those who consumed soy 1-<3 times per week, 3-<7 times a week and daily
were 2.05, 2.45 and 4.6, respectively, after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking
and level of education.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of two sea cucumbers,
Holothuria edulis lesson and Stichopus horrens Selenka
Stichopus horrens is the common sea cucumber species used in the
local ''gamat'' oils, supplements and cosmetic products.
'' ...... the organic extract of S. horrens exhibited the highest cytotoxic effects
against A549 and TE1 cancer cells giving IC50 at 15.5 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively.
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