"Muslims first, Malaysians second and Malays third - this is how most Malaysian Muslims see themselves, says a survey by the University of Malaya."
(report in the Spore Straits Times today on a survey of 1,000 randomly selected Muslims in Malaysia, conducted in December by Associate Prof Patricia Martinez of the UM's Asia-Europe Institute).
The survey found that Islam has become the most important identity marker for Muslims, who are largely Malay, and revealed a growing othodoxy in their beliefs.
An overwhelming 97.7% believe that Muslims should not be allowed to leave Islam. But 71.1% say Malaysians should be allowed to choose their own religion.
77.3% want stricter syariah laws and 44.1% say that the state has the right to monitor and punish immoral behaviour.
57.3% want the hudud (Islamic penal code) to be implemented.
But, perhaps more important, on living with non-Muslim Malaysians, the survey revealed that
>>97.1% say it is acceptable for Malaysian Muslims to live alongside people of other religions.
>>79.5% say Muslims should learn about other religions in Malaysia.
>>83.8% respond that Muslims could participate in interfaith dialogues.
>>63.3% want the syariah to remain under the Constitution rather than replace it.
On gender rights, 76.6% say men and women should have equal rights, but only 55.5 % say women can be syariah court judges.
On suicide bombing, 62.1% say it is the wrong action for Muslims, 11.6% describe it as syahid or martyrdom, and 24.8% choose "don't know".
Some of Dr Martinez's conclusions:
"This (the survey) shows that Muslims have come to terms with the reality of a multi-religious Malaysia. We may not eat together at the same table, but it does not mean that we hate each other".
"Polarisation is a problem, but there is a big difference between polarisation and not being able to live with one another".
The survey indicated that increased religiosity does not necessarily make people fanatical or intolerant. While Malaysian Muslims have become more religious, they have also remained pragmatic and open.
Interestingly, I have not been able to ascertain if the mainstream English papers in Malaysia have reports on this survey. I checked the New Straits Times website this morning, but there was no coverage of the survey.


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